Poor mouth hygiene can give rise to gingivitis which causes red, spongy, bleeding and swollen gums. The inflammation is caused by bacteria and in time, can cause pockets to from and deepen between teeth and gums. An individual may experience a slight discomfort during the early stage of gingivitis.

Gingivitis is a sign of periodontal disease affecting the structures of the tooth and the jaw bone and thus causing teeth to become loose, gums to recede and tooth abscess. Long-lasting bad breath is present. Once periodontal disease is allowed to continue, tooth loss can eventually occur. It is important to teach children the benefits of good oral hygiene since gum and dental problems often begin in childhood.